Teleabaph appaeatus



. I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. GRAY.

TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

N0. 7 6,748. Patented Apr. 14, 1868.

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E, GRAY. TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

No. 76,748. Patented Apr.14, 1868.

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v 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. ELGRAY, A TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

No. 76,748. I Patenged Apr. 14, 1868.

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EL rigs 13 only or" c L E Y'E LAN D 0 H I o Letters iPatent No.,,76,748, dated April 14, 1868.

4 IMPROYEMENT IN TELEGRAPH-APPARATUS. v

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.TO ALLWHQM IT naroonosnn Be it known that I, ELISHL GRAY, of Cleveland, in the'countyof Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improrenicnts in Telegraph-Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and complete description of the-shine, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,

making part of this specification, in"'whichi 5 1- Figure plate Lfis-a top-viewoi the relay.

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. Figure 4, platc ziisa top'yiew' of the ind uction-apparatus.

-' Figure 5 islja sidcyiew of thesa'm h i V Figure is"an ei1d View? Figure 7, p1atc'3, shows the relative position oftho'relay and induction-apparatus'to each other.

Like letters of reference refer 'to like parts in the difier'ent-views presented:

The nature of my invention relates to the use of an induction-apparatus iii-connection with a relay at each 7 'oiiice, and the use oi -.a i induction to-and-fro current to operate the-relay instead of the direct or batterycurrentz 3 r I J In'order to fully understanii the nature of thisinvention, its application, and great advantage, a briei statement will be made of some of the difiiculties incident to the machine now in general use, and which difiiculties this invention is intended to overcome. I i

It is well known that the relays now in 'use, when operating under heavy escapcsor currents of varying intensity, require the most careful audfrequent adjustment, and that owing to the difliculty and delays attending such adjustment, it is not unfi-eqnently the case that business is embarrassed, and often wholly interrupted. Each relay, when the line is working badly, may require a different adjustment for each oflice, and the conse quence is that the operators'at such times are constantly interfering with each other. From this cause, business being retarded; accumulates to such an extent that it is necessary to have at hand extra operating-force to dispatch it. 1

In order to obviate these and other difliculties, and cause the relay to act more freely, and independently of escapes and atmospheric disturbances, this self-adjusting or automatic relay is introduced, and is constructed and operated in the following manner, viz:

' A, fig. 4, plate 2, is a base, upon which is mounted an inductiomapparatus, B C, and B C are two relaymagnets, which may lie-constructed in the ordinary way, except that the'magnets need not contain the usual quantity of wire. Thesetwo'magnets are placed in the line or battery-circuit, and are connected together so that their polaritywill be opposite when facing each-other. v H

g D D are two straight magnets wound with wire of such sizc as will produce the best eii'ect. I have used successfully No 19, (coarse wire) Instead of wire, copper ribbon may be used for these magnets, insulated, and connected in the same manner as the coars'wire. One or more coils of the secondary wire or ribbon, whether coarse or fine, may be wound on the magnets B O and B C' being careful to connect them in the same circuit with the coils of the magnets D D. In this way a compoundinduction may be had, one from magnetism alone, the other from the battery-current in connection with the magnetism developed by. it.

I do.not confine myself to any particular mode of procuring an induced current when theisame is to be employed in combination with a primary current for the purposes herein described. r I

The wires of the magnets D D are connected together by their inner ends a, while their outer ends 6 con nect with the bindingfposts E. .The poles of magnet D are placed between and in contact with the poles B B. In like manner the poles of magnet D are between and in contact with the poles G C.'.

,The whole apparatus is clamped together by the rod F, and secured to 'the base by the stays Gr',fig. 5,

plate 2. The rod F may be dispensed with by making continuouscores through the magnets, but preserving the'same. connections betweenlth'e wires Instead of solid-iron cores, bundles of':soft-iron wire; maybe used withbetter effect. v

The relay referred to and shown in plate 1, is the same in its combination as that describedin. my patent issued October 1, 1867, excepting that it is very much'smaller and the magnets are wound with coarse wire, so as to be used with a quantity-current on a shortcircuit. I, fig. 1, platel, is a base upon which is mounted the relay, consisting ofthe'magnets J J, supported .by the .postsK, These magnets are made in the ordinary form of relay-magnets. L is 'a permanent magnet, and takes the place of theordinary soft-iron armature.. It is secured to the armature-lever M, mounted on a horizontal axis with two pivots C. The poles of the permanent'magnet Lvibrate between the poles of.'tl1e magnets J J, which are connected in the same circuit under the base by the wire d. The magnets J J are so connected that when-a current is passing-through them,

one will repel while the other will attract the permanent magnet L, and thus the three magnets will not con.-

jointly to throw the armature in one direction. By a reversal of the current, the'three forces will operate to .throw the armature inthe opposite direction, ThusQin the former instance, if-Ii were the attracting force and J the repelling, in the latter, J would become the attracting force and J the repelling.

These machines may he placedonjseparate bases, as shown in plate 3, or-both may be placed upon the same base, still preservingthe same connections. I 4 i The operation of this apparatus is as follows: When the line-current is closed, or any part of it, by any key on theline, it passes through the coils of magnets;B C and B C, rendering their cores magnetic. Thesc, by induction', magnetize the cores D, which induces a momentary current of electricity. in the coils around them. This current. passes through the magnets J'J" of the'relay,'wh ich is'plac'ed in the circuit of the secondary or induced current. The circuit of thesecondary'or induced current is as follows: Starting from magnet D, it passes through the wire 6, binding posts E and N, magnets J J I binding posts N E toma gnet D, which is con; nected with the 'magnet D by the wired. 'Inasmuch as an indnced-currentis a to-and-fro current, running in one direction, when the primary or battery-current is closed, wholly or partially, and in the oppositedirection when it opens wholly or partially, and inasmuch as the above-describedrelayuiorks by a reversible. or to andfro current, it is plain that aioften as the battery-current is closedby any key, the relay-armature ill move in one direction, and as often as it isopened, the armature'will move in 'th'e opposite direction. r l

Theadvantages of this apparatus are numerous, a fewiof which wili b'e named. Therelay is self-adjiistin g; working on the principle it does, it is impossible for it' to be otherwise. I For. this reason it will efiect a great saving in operating-force at the head oflices. -It will work through all kinds of weather -without. adjustment, and withyery much less battery-power, owing to the delicate debs traction and peculiar combination of the relay, tl ius rendering itpossibleand easy to do .a given amount bl business with a less number of. lines, less batterfpower, and a less'uiumber 'of operators. I

, By this apparatus a line is rendered available for use at all ti|nes,-and for this reason willmuch better and more economically subserve'the wantspf'the public.

Another mode of constructing a relay-which may he workedby induced electricity, consists of an electro. magnet made in the ordinary way, except that thewires of the spools are so connected as to develope similar polarity at each end of the core, and an opposite. polarity in the middle or end 'of .the magnet, thus making a magnet of three poles, or it may be considered as two magnets in one core.. This magnet is placed horizontally upon a base, so that one spool or limb of the magnet is directly above the other. l

The armature'is a straight piece of steel, magnetized, and long enough to reach froin one pole or from one limb to the other. It is pivoted in the middle, and operated by an induced to-and-fro current." Inasmuch as the armature is a magnet having a north pole at one end anda south pole at the other, and as the'ends of the cores of the before-mentioned elcctro-magncts are either both north or both south poles, it follows, the armature being hung inthe middle, that when a current is passed through the wires of the electro-magnet, one end of the'armature will be attracted while the other will .be repelled, so that as often as the current is reversed through the magnet or magnets, the armature will vibrate. I I I What I claim as my invention, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Iclaini Top'eratingw. relay by to-and-fro currents of mag neto electricity, momentarily induced by a disturbance-mi the main or line-current, in the mannersubstantiallyas described.

2. In combination with the receiving-magnet or magnets, I claim the electro-magneticarmature, in which a secondary current is induced on the distnrbanceof the line-current, substantially as described.

3. In combination with the induction-apparatus, constructed as described, I claim the polarized relay, placed in a short circuit, and operated by induced currents, in the manner and for the purpose-as set forth.

4. I claim the arrangement of the magnets B G and B C,in combination with the magnets D'D', used in the manner and for the purposes substantially as described. i

Y I EILISHA GRAY.

' Witnesses: i

J. H. Bonn-nos,

E. E. Warm. 

